1/11/2024 0 Comments Verdun ww1 ossuaryThey noted that Erlikman's figures are based on the work of the Russian demographer Boris Urlanis, they noted that these estimates were "imprecise" and "could be used to provide a frame of reference for further inquiry". According to the 1914–1918 Online Encyclopedia "In addition to losses suffered by African military personnel and the laborers supporting their operations, very large, but unknown numbers of African civilians perished during the war." They made an estimate of civilian losses in Africa of 750,000 based on the study by the Vadim Erlikman. The casualty figures by 1924 post war borders are rough estimates by Russian historian Vadim Erlikman in a 2004 handbook of human losses in the 20th century, the sources of his figures were published in the Soviet era and in post-Soviet Russia. The casualties listed by modern borders are also included in the above table of figures for the countries that existed in 1914. Many ethnic groups in these territories were conscripted for military service. The war involved multi-ethnic empires such as Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary and Turkey. The source of population data is: Haythornthwaite, Philip J., The World War One Source Book pp. 382–383 Casualties by post-war (1924) borders Europe 19 See footnote re: Danes in German military Increase in civilian deaths (malnutrition and disease excluding Influenza pandemic)Īllies and co-belligerents of World War I ( sources and details of figures are provided in the footnotes) NationĬombat deaths and missing in action (included in total military deaths)Ĭivilian deaths (military action and crimes against humanity) First World War civilian deaths are "hazardous to estimate" according to Micheal Clodfelter who maintains that "the generally accepted figure of noncombatant deaths is 6.5 million." Casualties in the borders of 1914–1918 The methodology used by each nation to record and classify casualties was not uniform, a general caveat regarding casualty figures is that they cannot be considered comparable in all cases. The casualties of these support personnel recruited outside of Europe were previously not included with British war dead, however the casualties of the Labour Corps recruited from the British Isles were included in the rolls of British war dead published in 1921. More recently the research of the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) has revised the military casualty statistics of the UK and its allies they include in their listing of military war dead personnel outside of combat theaters and civilians recruited from Africa, the Middle East and China who provided logistical and service support in combat theaters. This article summarizes the casualty statistics published in the official government reports of the United States and Great Britain as well as France, Italy, Belgium, Germany, Austria and Russia. These secondary sources published during the 1920s, are the source of the statistics in reference works listing casualties in World War I. Official government reports listing casualty statistics were published by the United States and Great Britain. Military casualties reported in official sources list deaths due to all causes, including an estimated 7 to 8 million combat related deaths (killed or died of wounds) and another two to three million military deaths caused by accidents, disease and deaths while prisoners of war. Nevertheless, disease, including the 1918 flu pandemic and deaths while held as prisoners of war, still caused about one third of total military deaths for all belligerents.Ĭlassification of casualty statistics Douaumont French Army cemetery seen from Douaumont ossuary, which contains remains of French and German soldiers who died during the Battle of Verdun in 1916Ĭasualty statistics for World War I vary to a great extent estimates of total deaths range from 9 million to over 15 million. This article lists the casualties of the belligerent powers based on official published sources.Ībout two-thirds of military deaths in World War I were in battle, unlike the conflicts that took place in the 19th century when the majority of deaths were due to disease. At least 2 million died from diseases and 6 million went missing, presumed dead. The Triple Entente (also known as the Allies) lost about 6 million military personnel while the Central Powers lost about 4 million. The civilian death toll was about 6 to 13 million. The total number of deaths includes from 9 to 11 million military personnel. The total number of military and civilian casualties in World War I was about 40 million: estimates range from around 15 to 22 million deaths and about 23 million wounded military personnel, ranking it among the deadliest conflicts in human history. British and German wounded, Bernafay Wood, 19 July 1916.
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